Cercospora personata causes infections in the plants which belongs to the plants of the family of leguminosae. Systematic position the fungus belongs to class deuteromycetes. Diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1. Effect of botanicals and biofungicide on controlling tikka. The leaf spot or tikka disease cercospora arachidicola and cercosporidium personatum of groundnut arachis hypogaea l. The disease caused by this fungus is the leaf spot disease, also known as tikka disease, of groundnut. Diseases of groundnut tikka leaf spots early leaf spot. Prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora spp. Station period n intensity tmax tmin rh1 rh2 1 ahmedabad 21 sep 1991 to 11 oct 1991 21 severe 0. Most species have no known sexual stage, and when the sexual stage is identified, it is in the genus mycosphaerella. Forewarning of incidence of tikka disease on groundnut and. It is a relatively wellstudied genus of fungus, but there are countless species not yet described, and there is. The leaf spots are also known as tikka disease incited by two species of fungus cercospora arachidicola and cercopora phaeoisariopsis personata.
Forewarning of incidence of tikka disease on groundnut and operational crop protection using weather information in gujarat r. Summer institute, nrcg icar 1983, junagadh india, p. Ravindra meteorological office, pune 411 055, india, received 11 june 2002, modified 12 april 2004. The disease is usually found when the plants are about 6 weeks old. Groundnut cultivation practices peanut farming in india. Introduction tikka disease of groundnut is a disease which also refers to leaf spot disease. Control of tikka disease in groundnut the groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon disease severity. It contains protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats etc. Integrated disease management in groundnut agropedia. The fungus also survives in infected plant debris in soil. Management of tikka disease of groundnut by using different. Clear disease symptoms were noted in the fields during the season. Dark brown to almost black circular spots appear on leaves, petiole, and stem. Growing moderately resistant cultivars like icgv 89104, icgv 91114 em, icgv 920920, icgv 92093 mm.
Tikka is a major disease affecting groundnut and all its varieties in india. In uttar pradesh, the disease is locally known as chitwa or haldai. The period between the first incidence of pathogen and first. Certified that the contents and form of thesis entitled genetic transformation of groundnut for resistance to tikka disease submitted by mr. Aerobiological investigations were carried out for one season over groundnut arachis hypogea l.
It is a relatively wellstudied genus of fungus, but there are countless species not yet described, and there is still much to learn about the bestknown of. Intercropping pearl millet or sorghum with groundnut 1. The groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon. Tikka is a major diseaseaffecting groundnut and all its varieties in india.
As the disease is soilborne, proper crop rotation is important. Surender kumar, shweta jaiswal, abhilasha a lal, amit kumar and ankur verma abstract leaf spots are the most serious diseases of groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Aug 11, 2015 introduction groundnut is the most important oilseed crop of india. Chakwal, attock, jhelum and rawalpindi during main crop season in 2017. In case of attack by cercosporidium personatum, the leaf spots are circular 16 mm dia. Mycosphaerella berkeleyii symptoms the disease occurs on all above ground parts of the plant, more severely on the leaves. The spread is mainly through wind borne inoculum of uredospores. Click to share on twitter opens in new window click to share on facebook opens in new window related. How to manage diseases of groundnut arachis hypogaea, tikka disease cercospora personata cercospora arachidicola, fungal stem rot sclerotium rolfsii, rust, root rot rhizoctonia bataticola. The uredospores also spread as contamination of seeds and pods. Tikka disease is a common fungal disease of groundnut. Integrated pest management in groundnut arachis hypogaea. Cultural control of early leaf spot in groundnut grow tolerant varieties can be grown wherever early leaf spot is severe.
It occurs as well in almost all groundnutgrowing countries of the world. Superficial fungal growth was scraped with blade and incorporated water. Conidia of cercospora arachidicola seen under foldscope. The total area under ground nut is about 8 million hectares. To monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut areas of four major districts of pothwar region. Before sowing treat the seed with thiram or carboxin 37. Highest spore concentration was found in 9th week while onset of first symptom of disease was found in 12th week of the sampling. The yield loss was calculated in the groundnut variety dhaka1 due to early and late leaf spot by. Pdf prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora.
To assess prevalence and incidence of tikka disease, 997 farmers fields were visited. Inheritance of rust resistance in groundnut arachis hypogaea. Lesions appear on the leaves, when the plants are atleast two months old. Avoidable losses up to 45 % due to tikka, up to 42 % due to rust and up to 60 %. The tikka disease is a serious disease occurring in areas where the groundnut crop is grown in india. Introduction groundnut is the most important oilseed crop of india. Disease management tamil nadu agricultural university. Disease cycle the pathogen survives as uredospores on volunter groundnut plants. Oct 15, 2019 cercospora is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Groundnut or peanut arachis hypogea botany study material. All parts of the host plant above soil level are attacked by the disease. In recent advances in groundnut productivity research, proc. Cultural control of tikka disease in groundnut agropedia. Disease assessment 5 6 6 6 7 diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1.
To monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut areas of four major districts of pothwar region viz. Reports on diseases caused by nematodes in groundnut are very few in india. The use of leaf extracts of differents botanicals and boigagents was found to be effective. This disease is characterised by dark spots on aerial part of the plant, mainly leaves. Plant disease plant pathology one liners 5 agri exam. They commonly attack the plants like groundnut and other legumes. Jul 06, 20 reusable learning object rlo of groundnut from icrisat scientists. Integrated pest management in groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Tikka disease cause epidemics in all groundnut crop growing countries including united states, china, india etc. In severe cases, the spots coalesce causing defoliation of the plants.
These are caused by two different species of fungi. Tikka disease of groundnut my files file catalog alladis. Rainsplash and implements also help in dissemination. In india 1974, it has been reported from all parts wherever it is cultivated and causes loss to the yield at about 1560%. The formation and enrichment, the absorption of nutrients. This is the most important fungal disease of groundnut.
Fresh groundnut leaves infected with tikka disease were collected from the green house as well as from the field. Pathogen disease incited by a fungus cercospora personata. The symptoms appear in july and continue upto maturity of the plant. Losses due to this disease may go up to 1550% and 70%, if associated with rust puccinia arachidicola. Biology reader page 17 of 19 the biology encyclopedia. The demand for nutrients varies from peanut to maturity. Small brown to chestnut dusty pustules appear on the lower surface of leaves. View academics in groundnut tikka disease research papers on academia. At the seedling stage, the absorption of npk was very small, accounting for 5% of the total demand during the whole growth period.
Forewarning of tikka disease in gujarat 427 table 2 simple correlation coefficient of tikka disease on groundnut at 1% level s. Tikka and rust diseases can cause yield losses up to 70% mcdonald et al. Nov 26, 2014 the groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon. The spots appear on the host leaves when the plants are one or two months old. Academics in groundnut tikka disease research papers. The crosses were generated by crossing resistant genotypes viz. It occurs as two distinct types of leaf spot, namely, early leaf spot and late leaf spot.
It occurs in every state in india and in every ground of nutgrowing countries of the world. It occurs as well in almost all groundnut growing countries of the world. Tikka disease is the major disease of groundnut in india. Introduction arachis hypogaea also known as groundnut or peanut is a legume plant of fabacea family with high nutritional values. Tikka disease of groundnut is a disease which also refers to leaf spot disease. Rust puccinia arachidis symptoms the disease attacks all aerial parts of the plant. Due to its high nutritional value it is consumed and produce. The leaf spot or tikka disease cercospora arachidicola and cercosporidium personatum of groundnut arachis hypogea l. Determination of seed resistance to colonization by aspergillus flavus 9 10 10 11 mp 5. The first visible symptoms appear on the leaflets of lower leaves as dark spots which at a later stage, are surrounded by yellow rings. A scientific breakthrough on the dna sequencing of the groundnut promises the development of improved groundnut varieties with enhanced traits such as increased pod and oil yield, drought and heat tolerance and greater disease resistance. Good weed control is helpful as dense weed growth encourages disease development. The major diseases of groundnut can be managed through a variety of methods like use of resistanttolerant cultivars, cultural practices, bi oc ont ro l ag en ts b io pe st ic id es, an d n ee.
Mahmood ul hassan have been found satisfactory for the requirement of the degree. The parents, f 1s and f 2 populations were evaluated for rust resistance. Most species of this genus cause plant diseases, and form leaf spots. The causal organism of tikka disease are the species of the genus cercospora namely cercospora arachidicola and cercospora personata.